As we determined, when we first sat down to write this history, to flatter
no man, but to guide our pen throughout by the directions of truth, we are
obliged to bring our heroe on the stage in a much more disadvantageous
manner than we could wish; and to declare honestly, even at his first
appearance, that it was the universal opinion of all Mr Allworthy's family
that he was certainly born to be hanged.
Indeed, I am sorry to say there was too much reason for this conjecture;
the lad having from his earliest years discovered a propensity to many
vices, and especially to one which hath as direct a tendency as any other
to that fate which we have just now observed to have been prophetically
denounced against him: he had been already convicted of three robberies,
viz., of robbing an orchard, of stealing a duck out of a farmer's yard,
and of picking Master Blifil's pocket of a ball.
The vices of this young man were, moreover, heightened by the
disadvantageous light in which they appeared when opposed to the virtues
of Master Blifil, his companion; a youth of so different a cast from
little Jones, that not only the family but all the neighbourhood resounded
his praises. He was, indeed, a lad of a remarkable disposition; sober,
discreet, and pious beyond his age; qualities which gained him the love of
every one who knew him: while Tom Jones was universally disliked; and many
expressed their wonder that Mr Allworthy would suffer such a lad to be
educated with his nephew, lest the morals of the latter should be
corrupted by his example.
An incident which happened about this time will set the characters of
these two lads more fairly before the discerning reader than is in the
power of the longest dissertation.
Tom Jones, who, bad as he is, must serve for the heroe of this history,
had only one friend among all the servants of the family; for as to Mrs
Wilkins, she had long since given him up, and was perfectly reconciled to
her mistress. This friend was the gamekeeper, a fellow of a loose kind of
disposition, and who was thought not to entertain much stricter notions
concerning the difference of meum and tuum than the young
gentleman himself. And hence this friendship gave occasion to many
sarcastical remarks among the domestics, most of which were either
proverbs before, or at least are become so now; and, indeed, the wit of
them all may be comprised in that short Latin proverb, “Noscitur
a socio;” which, I think, is thus expressed in English, “You
may know him by the company he keeps.”
To say the truth, some of that atrocious wickedness in Jones, of which we
have just mentioned three examples, might perhaps be derived from the
encouragement he had received from this fellow, who, in two or three
instances, had been what the law calls an accessary after the fact: for
the whole duck, and great part of the apples, were converted to the use of
the gamekeeper and his family; though, as Jones alone was discovered, the
poor lad bore not only the whole smart, but the whole blame; both which
fell again to his lot on the following occasion.
Contiguous to Mr Allworthy's estate was the manor of one of those
gentlemen who are called preservers of the game. This species of men, from
the great severity with which they revenge the death of a hare or
partridge, might be thought to cultivate the same superstition with the
Bannians in India; many of whom, we are told, dedicate their whole lives
to the preservation and protection of certain animals; was it not that our
English Bannians, while they preserve them from other enemies, will most
unmercifully slaughter whole horse-loads themselves; so that they stand
clearly acquitted of any such heathenish superstition.
I have, indeed, a much better opinion of this kind of men than is
entertained by some, as I take them to answer the order of Nature, and the
good purposes for which they were ordained, in a more ample manner than
many others. Now, as Horace tells us that there are a set of human beings
“Born to consume the fruits of the earth;” so I make no manner
of doubt but that there are others
“Born to consume the beasts of the field;” or, as it is
commonly called, the game; and none, I believe, will deny but that those
squires fulfil this end of their creation.
Little Jones went one day a shooting with the gamekeeper; when happening
to spring a covey of partridges near the border of that manor over which
Fortune, to fulfil the wise purposes of Nature, had planted one of the
game consumers, the birds flew into it, and were marked (as it is called)
by the two sportsmen, in some furze bushes, about two or three hundred
paces beyond Mr Allworthy's dominions.
Mr Allworthy had given the fellow strict orders, on pain of forfeiting his
place, never to trespass on any of his neighbours; no more on those who
were less rigid in this matter than on the lord of this manor. With regard
to others, indeed, these orders had not been always very scrupulously
kept; but as the disposition of the gentleman with whom the partridges had
taken sanctuary was well known, the gamekeeper had never yet attempted to
invade his territories. Nor had he done it now, had not the younger
sportsman, who was excessively eager to pursue the flying game,
over-persuaded him; but Jones being very importunate, the other, who was
himself keen enough after the sport, yielded to his persuasions, entered
the manor, and shot one of the partridges.
The gentleman himself was at that time on horse-back, at a little distance
from them; and hearing the gun go off, he immediately made towards the
place, and discovered poor Tom; for the gamekeeper had leapt into the
thickest part of the furze-brake, where he had happily concealed himself.
The gentleman having searched the lad, and found the partridge upon him,
denounced great vengeance, swearing he would acquaint Mr Allworthy. He was
as good as his word: for he rode immediately to his house, and complained
of the trespass on his manor in as high terms and as bitter language as if
his house had been broken open, and the most valuable furniture stole out
of it. He added, that some other person was in his company, though he
could not discover him; for that two guns had been discharged almost in
the same instant. And, says he, “We have found only this partridge,
but the Lord knows what mischief they have done.”
At his return home, Tom was presently convened before Mr Allworthy. He
owned the fact, and alledged no other excuse but what was really true,
viz., that the covey was originally sprung in Mr Allworthy's own manor.
Tom was then interrogated who was with him, which Mr Allworthy declared he
was resolved to know, acquainting the culprit with the circumstance of the
two guns, which had been deposed by the squire and both his servants; but
Tom stoutly persisted in asserting that he was alone; yet, to say the
truth, he hesitated a little at first, which would have confirmed Mr
Allworthy's belief, had what the squire and his servants said wanted any
further confirmation.
The gamekeeper, being a suspected person, was now sent for, and the
question put to him; but he, relying on the promise which Tom had made
him, to take all upon himself, very resolutely denied being in company
with the young gentleman, or indeed having seen him the whole afternoon.
Mr Allworthy then turned towards Tom, with more than usual anger in his
countenance, and advised him to confess who was with him; repeating, that
he was resolved to know. The lad, however, still maintained his
resolution, and was dismissed with much wrath by Mr Allworthy, who told
him he should have to the next morning to consider of it, when he should
be questioned by another person, and in another manner.
Poor Jones spent a very melancholy night; and the more so, as he was
without his usual companion; for Master Blifil was gone abroad on a visit
with his mother. Fear of the punishment he was to suffer was on this
occasion his least evil; his chief anxiety being, lest his constancy
should fail him, and he should be brought to betray the gamekeeper, whose
ruin he knew must now be the consequence.
Nor did the gamekeeper pass his time much better. He had the same
apprehensions with the youth; for whose honour he had likewise a much
tenderer regard than for his skin.
In the morning, when Tom attended the reverend Mr Thwackum, the person to
whom Mr Allworthy had committed the instruction of the two boys, he had
the same questions put to him by that gentleman which he had been asked
the evening before, to which he returned the same answers. The consequence
of this was, so severe a whipping, that it possibly fell little short of
the torture with which confessions are in some countries extorted from
criminals.
Tom bore his punishment with great resolution; and though his master asked
him, between every stroke, whether he would not confess, he was contented
to be flead rather than betray his friend, or break the promise he had
made.
The gamekeeper was now relieved from his anxiety, and Mr Allworthy himself
began to be concerned at Tom's sufferings: for besides that Mr Thwackum,
being highly enraged that he was not able to make the boy say what he
himself pleased, had carried his severity much beyond the good man's
intention, this latter began now to suspect that the squire had been
mistaken; which his extreme eagerness and anger seemed to make probable;
and as for what the servants had said in confirmation of their master's
account, he laid no great stress upon that. Now, as cruelty and injustice
were two ideas of which Mr Allworthy could by no means support the
consciousness a single moment, he sent for Tom, and after many kind and
friendly exhortations, said, “I am convinced, my dear child, that my
suspicions have wronged you; I am sorry that you have been so severely
punished on this account.” And at last gave him a little horse to
make him amends; again repeating his sorrow for what had past.
Tom's guilt now flew in his face more than any severity could make it. He
could more easily bear the lashes of Thwackum, than the generosity of
Allworthy. The tears burst from his eyes, and he fell upon his knees,
crying, “Oh, sir, you are too good to me. Indeed you are. Indeed I
don't deserve it.” And at that very instant, from the fulness of his
heart, had almost betrayed the secret; but the good genius of the
gamekeeper suggested to him what might be the consequence to the poor
fellow, and this consideration sealed his lips.
Thwackum did all he could to persuade Allworthy from showing any
compassion or kindness to the boy, saying, “He had persisted in an
untruth;” and gave some hints, that a second whipping might probably
bring the matter to light.
But Mr Allworthy absolutely refused to consent to the experiment. He said,
the boy had suffered enough already for concealing the truth, even if he
was guilty, seeing that he could have no motive but a mistaken point of
honour for so doing.
“Honour!” cryed Thwackum, with some warmth, “mere
stubbornness and obstinacy! Can honour teach any one to tell a lie, or can
any honour exist independent of religion?”
This discourse happened at table when dinner was just ended; and there
were present Mr Allworthy, Mr Thwackum, and a third gentleman, who now
entered into the debate, and whom, before we proceed any further, we shall
briefly introduce to our reader's acquaintance.